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1.
Rev. biol. trop ; 69(2)jun. 2021.
Article in English | LILACS, SaludCR | ID: biblio-1387636

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction: In amphibians, blood may act as a hematopoietic tissue. However, the knowledge concerning hematological features is scarce, there is not much information that allows an analysis about the possible explanations of this physiological feature. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between immature red blood cells (RBCs) mitosis and the presence of blood parasites in amphibians. Methods: We sampled 116 amphibians (31 species) in six Colombian localities. Blood was taken by cardiac puncture or maxillary vein puncture. Smears were prepared, fixed, and Giemsa stained for microscopical analysis. The variables analyzed were the percentage of immature RBCs, mitotic cells in peripheral blood, and blood parasite infection. Data were analyzed using Wilcoxon's rank test and exact Fisher statistical tests. Results: Sixty-two individuals showed mitosis in peripheral blood, and these mitotic RBCs shared morphological features with immature RBCs. Overall, parasite prevalence was 30.1 %, distributed as follows: Trypanosoma (24.1 %), Hepatozoon-like (6 %), Dactylosoma (4.3 %), Karyolysus-like (0.9 %), and Filarioidea (2.6 %). A positive association between the percentage of immature RBCs and the presence of mitotic RBCs was found, and also between the blood parasite infection and the percentage of immature RBCs. Conclusions: In this study, we found that the presence of blood parasites, immature RBCs, and RBCs mitosis are frequent events in amphibians' peripheral blood, and our analysis suggests an association between those features. Thus, the release of immature RBCs and the mitosis of those cells in peripheral blood may be a physiological response to blood parasite infection. Further studies characterizing hematology in amphibians and wildlife, in general, are desirable.


Resumen Introducción: En anfibios, la sangre puede actuar como un tejido hematopoyético. Sin embargo, el conocimiento acerca de las características hematológicas es escaso y no hay información que permita un análisis acerca de las posibles explicaciones a este rasgo fisiológico. Objetivo: La intención de este estudio fue evaluar la relación entre la presencia de eritroblastos, mitosis de glóbulos rojos (GRs) y la infección por hemoparásito en sangre periférica de anfibios. Métodos: Se muestrearon 116 anfibios (31 especies) en seis localidades de Colombia. Se tomaron muestras de sangre mediante punción cardiaca o punción a la vena maxilar. Se prepararon extendidos sanguíneos, se fijaron y tiñeron con Giemsa para su posterior análisis por microscopía. Se analizaron variables como porcentaje de GRs inmaduros, células mitóticas en sangre periférica e infección por hemoparásitos. Los datos fueron analizados mediante el test de rango de Willcoxon y el test exacto de Fisher. Resultados: sesenta y dos individuos evidenciaron mitosis en sangre periférica y dichas mitosis compartían características morfológicas con GRs inmaduros. La prevalencia general de parásitos fue del 30.1 %, distribuido de la siguiente forma: Trypanosoma (24.1 %), Hepatozoon-like (6 %), Dactylosoma (4.3 %), Karyolysus-like (0.9 %), y Filarioidea (2. 6 %). Hay una asociación positiva entre el porcentaje de GRs inmaduros y la presencia de células mitóticas, también se encontró una relación entre la infección por hemoparásitos y el porcentaje de GRs inmaduros. Conclusiones: En este estudio encontramos que la presencia de parásitos sanguíneos, GRs inmaduros y mitosis de GRs son eventos frecuentes en sangre periférica de anfibios, y nuestros resultados sugieren una asociación entre dichas características. Por tanto, la liberación de GRs inmaduros y la mitosis de estas células en sangre periférica podría ser una respuesta fisiológica a infecciones parasitarias. Posteriores estudios que caractericen la hematología en anfibios y en vida silvestre en general, son deseables.


Subject(s)
Animals , Parasites/pathogenicity , Amphibians/blood , Erythropoiesis , Anemia
2.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; 30(10): 891-896, out. 2010. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-567929

ABSTRACT

The American bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana), recently named Lithobates catesbeianus is currently farmed for commercial purposes throughout various regions of Brazil. Stressful situations such as problems of management, inadequate facilities and environmental changes with consequent reduction of immunity are common in intensive production. The assessments of these situations of stress allow us detect these problems decreasing the injuries causes by confinement. The main objective of this study was to use the biological markers of plasma cortisol and glucose level and hematological parameters to evaluate the response of bullfrog tadpoles submitted to stressed mechanisms of capture and hypoxia. The animals were subjected to three treatments: stress due to individual capture with a hand net; stress due to batch capture with a hand net; and stress due to capture by emptying. The results obtained demonstrated that there were no statistically significant differences in the parameters tested when comparing the treatments with and without exposure to air (normoxia and hypoxia). Based on these results we can conclude that the stressful stimuli tested were not adequate to alter the biomarker tested. For the cortisol, probably this should have occurred due to the synergistic action between this hormone and thyroxin, which induces metamorphosis in these animals.


A rã-touro americana (Rana catesbeiana) recentemente denominada Lithobates catesbeianus é cria da com propósito comercial em várias regiões do Brasil. Situações estressantes tais como problemas de manejo, criação inadequada e alterações ambientais com consequente redução da imunidade são comuns em produções intensivas. A avaliação destas situações de estresse permite-nos detectar estes probemas e diminuir as injurias causadas pelo confinamento. O principal objetivo deste estudo foi utilizar os marcadores biológicos de cortisol, glicemia e dados hematológicos para avaliar a resposta de girinos de rã-touro submetidos aos mecanismos estressores de captura e hipóxia. Os animais foram distribuídosem três tratamentos: estresse por captura individual com puçá; estresse por captura em massa com puçá e estresse por captura por escoamento. Os resultados obtidos demostraram não haver diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os parametros avaliados quando comparou-se os grupos com e sem exposição ao ar (normoxia e hipoxia). Com base nestes resultados pode-se concluir que os estímulos estressores avaliados não foram adequados para alterar os valores plasmáticos dos marcadores biológicos testados. Para o cortisol, isto ocorreu provavelmente em virtude da ação sinérgica deste hormônio e a tiroxina, que induz a metamorfose nestes animais.


Subject(s)
Animals , Amphibians/abnormalities , Amphibians/physiology , Amphibians/blood , Stress Disorders, Traumatic/diagnosis
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